The use of a copper winding as a temperature sensor for transformer windings is not new. But the circuit presented here goes further. It can make the measurement in-circuit and in real time. The use ...

Transformers for power applications often are limited in size by an acceptable temperature rise. An acceptable temperature rise of a transformer is usually dependent on limitations of the materials ...

• The thermal models that servomotor manufacturers provide may not hold for brief periods of superhigh torque. • More accurate thermal models for periods of high performance use equations with more ...