The dictionary definition of punishment includes “Pain or loss inflicted in response to wrongdoing” and “Physical damage or abuse.”[1] Of course, praising a child meets neither of these definitions.

In this discussion, I want to look at the role anger has in physical punishment. I suggest that by better understanding anger ...

Consistent enforcement of rules is more important than the severity of the punishment itself, and children expect adults to treat every member of their group impartially and equally. Moreover, fair ...

"The results of this study suggest that altruistic punishment, which was often seen in previous studies, may be less frequent in real life," said Mitsuishi. "In the future, we need to further consider ...