An endoscope with a transparent cap enters through a 2 cm mucosal incision into the submucosal “third” space, approximately 5 cm proximal to the lower esophageal sphincter. Four distinct tissue layers ...

Robotic-assisted surgeries are gaining on enhanced precision, flexibility, control and vision that allow surgeons to perform delicate and complex surgical procedures. Surgeons can sit behind a ...

Pneumatic dilation and laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy (LHM) are established treatments for idiopathic achalasia. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a less invasive therapy with promising early study ...

Surgical treatment of achalasia has evolved over the last several years. Transthoracic or transabdominal Heller anterior myotomy provide excellent relief of dysphagia. However, it is associated with ...