PWM waveforms are commonly used to control the speed of DC motors. The mark/space ratio of the digital wave-form can be defined either by using an adjustable analogue voltage level (in the case of a ...

In IC design, the typical approach for generating a pulse width-modulated (PWM) signal from an analog value (such as in the control loop for a switch mode power supply) uses a ramp or triangle wave ...

Many applications using miniature brushed DC motors require motors to operate at more than one load point or through specific load cycles. Running a motor at usable load points requires a variable, ...

A common PC sound card can be used as a sine/square/triangle function generator, but the output suffers from limited rail-to-rail swing, plus its zero-centered has no dc offset. This circuit overcomes ...

In LCD backlight applications, a dc-to-ac inverter drives cold-cathode fluorescent lamps. The inverter's input comes from the display's power supply. Currently, it spans from 12 to 18 V. Pulse-width ...