As engineers, you use many components and devicesevery day that you treat as black boxes. You are concernedonly about the inputs and outputs of the blackbox, and that approach is acceptable provided ...

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a fundamental technique in power electronics that facilitates the efficient control of power delivery by modulating the width of voltage or current pulses. This method ...

The pulse width of the compact pulse cum frequency modulator can be varied by altering the change-over point of comparator IC1 with a control voltage via resistor R1. The hysteresis of the IC is ...

Two things have been overlooked with phasing amplitude modulation. One is the importance of pulse modulation; the other is that logic gates can be used for analog signal processing. Both of these ...