Twenty years ago, cognitive psychologist Elizabeth Spelke took a strong position in an ongoing public debate. "There are no differences in overall intrinsic aptitude for science and mathematics among ...

(4+1)+1=5+1. 5+1=5+1. Another user, claiming they were "studying to be an elementary school teacher" agreed with this breakdown based on their own understanding of how to teach math at this age level.

Elementary math teacher Margie Howells teaches a 5th grade class at Wheeling Country Day School in Wheeling, W.V., on Sept. 5, 2023. A new survey of U.S. adults finds that they don't agree on the ...

That said, fourth-grade math scores still remained below pre-pandemic 2019 levels, with one exception: Alabama was the only state where fourth-graders' average math scores surpassed 2019 scores.

Alabama is the only state where 4th-grade math scores are higher now than they were in 2019, before the pandemic. This is the story of how the state pulled it off. Accessibility links.