T helper (TH) cells are essential immune cells that help other immune cells function effectively. When activated in response ...

called EPS (i.e., extracellular polymeric substances) (Figure 1). The biofilm is an adaptation for stabilizing the local environment of bacteria against stresses that is flexible and can be easily ...

A research team led by Prof. Hans-Curt Flemming from the Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS) ...

are high molecular weight polymers that microorganisms secrete into their extracellular environment. EPS serves as the carrier of the structural integrity of microbial biofilms, determining the ...

and the materials affect microalgae functions by interfering with matter and energy transfer between microalgae and the extracellular environment. Inorganic materials combine with microalgal cells ...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) shuttle important biologically active molecules out of cells. Characterizing their size, density, biochemical composition, and cell of origin provide researchers with ...

From immunology to tumor biology, extracellular vesicle research is a growing field with diagnostic and therapeutic potential that researchers across life science disciplines can tap into with ...

Given the importance of GPCRs in transmitting signals from the extracellular environment and potential as drug targets, scientists have sought to understand their role in pancreatic islet cell ...

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells produce minute (40-1000 nm) membrane vesicles that are released into the local environment. These extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, ...

Researchers have developed a new substance that could help restore surface-level and deeper vaginal tissue changes during ...

The other third is extracellular. Dehydration can be either water loss ... biological and chemical materials around part of the support system in joints, including the spine an environment for the ...