Born in Livorno to an Italian Sephardic family, Amedeo Modigliani (1884–1920) carried his cultural heritage with him when he arrived in Paris in 1906, shaping both his identity and artistic practice. While most are familiar with the artist’s distinctive portraits of women with elongated necks and vacant eyes, his early drawings reveal an artist grappling with portraiture, belonging, and modernity in a city defined by cultural exchange and persistent anti-Semitism. In 2017, the Jewish Museum pres